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Student HCI Online Research Experiments
Abstract
Introduction
Experiment
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Appendices
Credits
Feedback
SHORE 2001 : Web : Navigation Bar Bars for Hierarchical Web Sites

References

1.
Mary Czerwinski and Kevin Larson
Web Page Design: Implications of Memory, Structure and Scent for Information Retrieval
Microsoft Research
1999

The goal of this study was to discover the optimal design of multiple hyperlinks on a web page for information retrieval tasks. Of particular interest was the optimal depth versus breadth of the hyperlinks' distribution across expertly categorized web content, with a particular emphasis on the importance of structure and labeling. This is a great study that is very similar to what we worked on: menu structure and design.

2.
Micheal Eisenbrey and Noah Lazar
Website Structure Navigation
Student HCI
2000

This experiment focused on navigation through two different versions of a web site, with and without navigation bars. The study emphasized the importance of the navigation bar.

3.
Wilbert O. Galitz
User-Interface Screen Design
QED Publishing Group
1993

An advantage of the multiple selection menu approach is that codes to identify alternatives are not necessary and that fewer opportunities exist for making typing errors.

4.
Jo Ann T. Hackos and Janice C. Redish
User and Task Analysis for Interface Design
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1998

Web pages must be found to be used. If users can't find the Web page they want, it doesn't matter how well designed it is. Thus navigation is a critical aspect of almost all interfaces. This article focused on these issues.

5.
Micheal Hoffman
Enabling Extremely Rapid Navigation in Your Web or Document
http://www.hypertextnavigation.com/infoaxcs.htm
1999

This article presents information on design techniques that apply to web sites, help systems, hardcopy, and online documentation. When standard document navigation structures are provided, readers can rapidly survey the scope of a web or document and jump to the pages of greatest interest.

6.
Jakob Nielson
iCab: New Browser With Structural Navigation
http://www.useit.com/papers/icab.html
1999

This is a useful article about the pop-up menu. The pop-up menu selection allows users to navigate directly to pages that are related to the current page (e.g. the style sheet, the home page for the current website, the parent page to the current page, sibling pages). The great breakthrough in this link menu and navigation buttons is the introduction of structural navigation to Web browsing. There is now a standardized way for users to get to higher levels of the information architecture and to pages that have a specific relationship to the current page.

7.
Jakob Nielson
Is Navigation Useful?
http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20000109.html
2000

This article argues that users will often ignore the structural links, noticing them only when interested in better understanding a page. Without structural links, pages become orphans that are not contextualized. Users often don't understand where they are in a website's information architecture.

8.
Kent L. Norman
The Psychology of Menu Selection: Designing Cognitive Control at the Human/Computer Interface
Ablex Publishing Corporation
1991

The book argues that menu selection is emerging mode of human/computer interaction. This book, the first entirely devoted to this important form of human/computer interaction, provides detailed theoretical and empirical information of interest to software designers and human/computer interaction specialists and researchers. A new theoretical approach to menu selection is taken by developing a psychological theory of cognitive control by the user. A comprehensive review of empirical research on menu selection is presented in an organized fashion to aid in the design and evaluation of systems.

9.
Kent L. Norman and John P. Chin
The Effect of Tree Structure on Search in a Hierarchical Menu Selection System
Behaviour and Information Technology
1988

10.
Jennifer Rowley and Frances Slack
Designing Public Access Systems
Gower
1998

The design of navigation systems must be made more efficient and effective for all type of users. The end users make subject requests in a general way. It should be possible for them to broaden or narrow the search as they require. This research indicate that users prefer to browse for subject headings and variant terms with freedom of going back to any potential catalogue. Therefore, there are fewer chances to miss relevant material in their search.

11.
Ben Shneiderman
Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction
Addison-Wesley
1998

There are many useful strategies mentioned in the book which helped us to decide how to conduct our experiment (use of subjects, hypothesis decisions, number of treatments, and surveys). Also, the book states that a multiple-selection menu with mouse clicks is a convenient strategy for handling multiple binary choices, since the user is able to scan the full list of items while deciding. Pull-down menus are constantly available to the user via selections along a top menu bar. Users make a selection by moving the pointing device over the menu items, which respond by highlighting.

12.
Kathleen Snowberry, Stanley Parkinson, Norwood Sisson
Effects of Help Fields on Navigating Through Hierarchical Menu Structures
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
1985

13.
Constantine Stephanidis
User Interface for All: Concepts, Methods, and Tools
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
2001

Navigation is movement through mental models, afforded by windows, menus, dialogue areas, control panels, and so on. It can also be defined as a sequence of content potentially accessed by users. For any application, easy and quick access to its interface among all people is critical. Interface product designers can achieve success by enabling the user interface to be more complete and effective in terms of communicating between menus.

14.
Rudy Van Hoe, Karel Poupeye, Andre Vandierendonck, and Geert De Soete
Some Effects of Menu Characteristics and User Personality on Performance with Menu-Driven Interfaces
Individual Differences in User Behaviour Behaviour and Information Technology
1990

15.
Larry E. Wood
User Interface Design
CRC Press
1998

Generally, at high levels of a menu hierarchy, users tended to prefer fast paths to perform tasks.